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Birinci ferik
''Birinci Ferik'' or ''Ferik-i evvel'' (corresponding to the earlier Ottoman rank of ''Serdar'') was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It is translated as General (modern Turkish ''Orgeneral''). The title means "''First Ferik''" and was senior to a ''Ferik'' and junior only to the ''Müşir'' (equivalent to Field Marshal).
The collar mark (later shoulder mark) and cap of a ''Birinci Ferik'' had three stripes and three stars during the early years of the Turkish Republic. The Ottoman Army and pre-1934 Turkish Army had three general ranks (similar to the British ranking system), while the current Turkish Army has four general ranks (similar to the American ranking system), with the inclusion of Brigadier General (''Tuğgeneral'') as the fourth and most junior general rank.
The title of ''Birinci Ferik'' was abolished with Act No. 2590 of 26 November 1934 on the Abolition of Titles and Appellations such as Efendi, Bey or Pasha.
== Sources ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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